docs: Add comprehensive Makefile standards documentation

- Complete guide for PKG_FILE_MODES configuration
- Standard comment block template for all modules
- File permission reference table (755 for RPCD, 644 for others)
- Common errors and solutions
- Validation and troubleshooting guides
- Best practices for development

Covers:
- RPCD scripts (755 - CRITICAL for ubus calls)
- Helper scripts (755 for executables)
- Config files (644 - auto-set)
- CSS/JS files (644 - auto-set by luci.mk)
- Multi-line PKG_FILE_MODES syntax

Reference for all SecuBox developers.
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# Makefile Standards for SecuBox LuCI Applications
**Version:** 1.0.0
**Last Updated:** 2025-12-28
**Status:** Active Standard
---
## Overview
This document defines the standardized structure and conventions for all `luci-app-*` Makefile configurations in the SecuBox project. Following these standards ensures consistency, maintainability, and proper functionality across all modules.
---
## File Permissions (PKG_FILE_MODES)
### Purpose
The `PKG_FILE_MODES` variable explicitly sets file ownership and permissions for files installed by the package. This is **CRITICAL** for proper module functionality.
### Standard Comment Block
All Makefiles **MUST** include this comment block before `PKG_FILE_MODES`:
```makefile
# File permissions (CRITICAL: RPCD scripts MUST be executable 755)
# Format: path:owner:group:mode
# - RPCD scripts: 755 (executable by root, required for ubus calls)
# - Helper scripts: 755 (if executable)
# - Config files: 644 (readable by all, writable by root)
# - CSS/JS files: 644 (set automatically by luci.mk)
```
### Format
```makefile
PKG_FILE_MODES:=<path>:<owner>:<group>:<mode>
```
### Required File Modes
#### 1. RPCD Scripts (755 - CRITICAL)
**Path Pattern:** `/usr/libexec/rpcd/luci.<module-name>`
**Mode:** `755` (rwxr-xr-x)
**Rationale:**
- RPCD scripts MUST be executable by root
- Required for ubus RPC calls from the frontend
- Without 755, the backend will fail silently
- Validation: `./secubox-tools/validate-modules.sh` checks this
**Example:**
```makefile
PKG_FILE_MODES:=/usr/libexec/rpcd/luci.system-hub:root:root:755
```
#### 2. Helper Scripts (755 - If Applicable)
**Path Pattern:** `/usr/libexec/<module-name>/*.sh`
**Mode:** `755` (rwxr-xr-x)
**Rationale:**
- Shell scripts that need execution permissions
- Used for cron jobs, maintenance tasks, or utilities
**Example:**
```makefile
PKG_FILE_MODES:=/usr/libexec/rpcd/luci.secubox:root:root:755 \
/usr/libexec/secubox/fix-permissions.sh:root:root:755
```
#### 3. Configuration Files (644 - Default)
**Path Pattern:** `/etc/config/<module-name>`
**Mode:** `644` (rw-r--r--)
**Rationale:**
- UCI config files are world-readable
- Only root can write
- Set automatically by OpenWrt, no explicit PKG_FILE_MODES needed
#### 4. CSS/JS Files (644 - Automatic)
**Path Pattern:** `/www/luci-static/resources/**/*.{css,js}`
**Mode:** `644` (rw-r--r--)
**Rationale:**
- Web assets must be readable by all users
- Set automatically by `luci.mk`
- **DO NOT** add to PKG_FILE_MODES (redundant)
---
## Multi-Line PKG_FILE_MODES
When specifying multiple files, use backslash continuation:
```makefile
PKG_FILE_MODES:=/usr/libexec/rpcd/luci.secubox:root:root:755 \
/usr/libexec/secubox/fix-permissions.sh:root:root:755 \
/usr/libexec/secubox/health-check.sh:root:root:755
```
**Rules:**
- Backslash `\` at end of line for continuation
- Indent continuation lines with TAB
- Last line has NO backslash
- One space between backslash and newline
---
## Common Errors and Solutions
### Error 1: RPCD Backend Not Responding
**Symptom:**
```
RPC call to luci.module-name/method failed with error -32000: Object not found
```
**Cause:** RPCD script not executable (missing 755 permissions)
**Solution:**
```makefile
PKG_FILE_MODES:=/usr/libexec/rpcd/luci.module-name:root:root:755
```
**Validation:**
```bash
./secubox-tools/validate-modules.sh
# OR
./secubox-tools/fix-permissions.sh --local
```
---
### Error 2: CSS/JS Files Added to PKG_FILE_MODES
**Wrong:**
```makefile
PKG_FILE_MODES:=/usr/libexec/rpcd/luci.system-hub:root:root:755 \
/www/luci-static/resources/system-hub/api.js:root:root:644
```
**Right:**
```makefile
# CSS/JS files are automatically set by luci.mk
PKG_FILE_MODES:=/usr/libexec/rpcd/luci.system-hub:root:root:755
```
**Rationale:** The LuCI build system (`luci.mk`) automatically sets correct permissions for all files in `/www/`. Adding them to `PKG_FILE_MODES` is redundant and can cause conflicts.
---
### Error 3: Missing Comment Block
**Wrong:**
```makefile
LUCI_PKGARCH:=all
PKG_FILE_MODES:=/usr/libexec/rpcd/luci.system-hub:root:root:755
```
**Right:**
```makefile
LUCI_PKGARCH:=all
# File permissions (CRITICAL: RPCD scripts MUST be executable 755)
# Format: path:owner:group:mode
# - RPCD scripts: 755 (executable by root, required for ubus calls)
# - Helper scripts: 755 (if executable)
# - Config files: 644 (readable by all, writable by root)
# - CSS/JS files: 644 (set automatically by luci.mk)
PKG_FILE_MODES:=/usr/libexec/rpcd/luci.system-hub:root:root:755
```
---
## Validation Tools
### Automated Validation
**Before Commit:**
```bash
./secubox-tools/validate-modules.sh
```
Checks:
1. RPCD script names match ubus objects
2. Menu paths match view file locations
3. View files have menu entries
4. **RPCD scripts are executable (755)**
5. JSON syntax validation
6. ubus object naming convention
7. **htdocs file permissions (644 for CSS/JS)**
**Auto-Fix Permissions:**
```bash
# Fix local files before build
./secubox-tools/fix-permissions.sh --local
# Fix deployed files on router
./secubox-tools/fix-permissions.sh --remote
```
---
## Complete Makefile Template
```makefile
include $(TOPDIR)/rules.mk
PKG_NAME:=luci-app-module-name
PKG_VERSION:=0.3.5
PKG_RELEASE:=1
PKG_LICENSE:=Apache-2.0
PKG_MAINTAINER:=CyberMind <contact@cybermind.fr>
LUCI_TITLE:=Module Title - Short Description
LUCI_DESCRIPTION:=Comprehensive description of module functionality
LUCI_DEPENDS:=+luci-base +rpcd +optional-dependency
LUCI_PKGARCH:=all
# File permissions (CRITICAL: RPCD scripts MUST be executable 755)
# Format: path:owner:group:mode
# - RPCD scripts: 755 (executable by root, required for ubus calls)
# - Helper scripts: 755 (if executable)
# - Config files: 644 (readable by all, writable by root)
# - CSS/JS files: 644 (set automatically by luci.mk)
PKG_FILE_MODES:=/usr/libexec/rpcd/luci.module-name:root:root:755
include $(TOPDIR)/feeds/luci/luci.mk
# Optional: Config files to preserve on upgrade
define Package/$(PKG_NAME)/conffiles
/etc/config/module-name
endef
# call BuildPackage - OpenWrt buildroot signature
```
---
## File Mode Reference Table
| File Type | Path Pattern | Owner:Group | Mode | Reason |
|-----------|-------------|-------------|------|--------|
| RPCD script | `/usr/libexec/rpcd/luci.*` | root:root | 755 | **CRITICAL** - Must be executable for ubus calls |
| Helper script | `/usr/libexec/*/*.sh` | root:root | 755 | Executable scripts (cron, maintenance) |
| UCI config | `/etc/config/*` | root:root | 644 | World-readable, root-writable (auto-set) |
| CSS/JS files | `/www/luci-static/**/*.{css,js}` | root:root | 644 | Web assets (auto-set by luci.mk) |
| Menu JSON | `/usr/share/luci/menu.d/*.json` | root:root | 644 | LuCI menu definitions (auto-set) |
| ACL JSON | `/usr/share/rpcd/acl.d/*.json` | root:root | 644 | Access control lists (auto-set) |
---
## Best Practices
### 1. **Always Validate Before Commit**
```bash
./secubox-tools/validate-modules.sh
```
### 2. **Use Standard Comment Block**
Copy from existing Makefile or this document.
### 3. **Only Specify Executable Files**
Don't add CSS/JS/JSON files to PKG_FILE_MODES.
### 4. **Test on Real Hardware**
Deploy to test router and verify:
```bash
ls -la /usr/libexec/rpcd/luci.module-name # Should be -rwxr-xr-x
ubus list | grep module-name # Should appear
ubus call luci.module-name status # Should respond
```
### 5. **Document Custom Permissions**
If adding non-standard file modes, add inline comments explaining why.
---
## Troubleshooting
### Permission Denied Errors
**Check permissions on router:**
```bash
ssh root@router "ls -la /usr/libexec/rpcd/luci.*"
```
**Fix remotely:**
```bash
./secubox-tools/fix-permissions.sh --remote
```
### Files Not Installed
**Check package contents:**
```bash
tar -tzf luci-app-module-name_*.ipk | grep rpcd
# OR (for .apk format)
tar -tzf luci-app-module-name_*.apk | grep rpcd
```
**Verify Makefile paths:**
Ensure `PKG_FILE_MODES` paths match actual file locations in the package.
---
## References
- [OpenWrt Makefile Documentation](https://openwrt.org/docs/guide-developer/packages)
- [LuCI Build System](https://github.com/openwrt/luci/blob/master/luci.mk)
- [DEVELOPMENT-GUIDELINES.md](./DEVELOPMENT-GUIDELINES.md)
- [QUICK-START.md](./QUICK-START.md)
---
## Changelog
### v1.0.0 (2025-12-28)
- Initial standardization across all 15 SecuBox modules
- Defined standard comment block format
- Documented file mode requirements
- Added validation and troubleshooting sections
---
**Next Review:** 2026-01-28 (or when adding new modules)